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2018年4月托福考试写作预测

因为预测较长,所以此为托福写作4月考题预测第一部分,第二部分参见下一篇文章。 综合写作: 1. Andean遗址是为了抵御(defend)侵略者而修建的 阅读:认为不是为了抵御侵略者 ① 遗址的墙不完整,有些地方没有墙。 ② 遗址的很多入口(entrance)都没有防护装置。 ③ 遗址内没有证据显示内部可以储存很多水(water supply)和食物。 听力反驳: ① 遗址没有墙的地方,旁边都有很多陡峭的山(cliff)或峡谷,敌人进不去,所以并不需要墙。 ② 可以观察(scout)敌人,在敌人进攻前就发现他们。 ③ 那个时候天气很干燥,敌人不可能进攻太长时间,之后就撤退了(withdrawal),所以战争就不会持续太长时间(long lasting)。 2. 早期人类是否种植橡树(oak tree) 阅读:早期人类种植橡树 ① 橡树易活。 ② 果实方便储存。 ③ 可以通过去掉杏树(almond)苦基因方法去掉橡树果实不好的基因。 听力:反驳 ① 虽然易活,但是橡树41年产果,人们不爱种植他们。 ② 不好保存。生的果实不行,得通过煮沸来去除一些东西,但煮过以后,不易保存,而且得花很长的时间准备这些过程。 ③ 杏树的苦味只是由单一基因决定的,而橡树的基因较为多样,需要很多步骤来去除。早期的人又不懂现代基因的方法,所以他们不可能成功去除这些基因和苦味。 3. 是否应该修建能够利用太阳能来发电的马路 阅读:应该修建能够利用太阳能来发电的马路 ① 平坦的马路无法倾斜,吸收太阳能的效率不高。 ② 用来修马路的玻璃会有安全隐患(safety  concerns),容易破碎,而且会打滑(slippery in wet and icy conditions)。 ③ 修建的成本过高。 听力:作者持支持立场,反驳阅读 ① 研究表明平坦的表面能吸收更多的能量,因为在阴天(cloud days)阳光反射方向杂乱,更易于被马路(flat road)吸收。 ② 有一种新型的材料表面粗糙质地坚硬可以克服相关问题。 ③ 从长远的眼光去看,能够带来巨大的电能这一点在经济上依然很有利,与此同时,政府还可以将这种科技卖给其他国家来获利。 4. 探讨拯救即将濒临灭绝的鲟(beluga)的3种措施是否可行 阅读:目前有3种措施能够拯救它们 ① 制定更加严格的法律和一些规定(regulations)。 ② 先养殖再放生到野生环境。 ③ 要求捕鱼人不去捕杀幼鲟(young beluga),以提高繁殖速率。 听力:反驳 ① 有很多捕鱼人并不遵守法律规定,大量地非法地捕捉。 ② 人工养殖后它们会丧失了在野生环境中生存的能力,无法生存(survive)。 ③ 鲟的繁殖率低的原因是因为大坝(dam)的数量过多,导致它们无法到达自身的繁殖地区。 5. 关于三氯蔗糖(sucralose), 一种 (natural sugar)的代替品,好还是不好 阅读:不好 ① 会影响免疫系统(immune system) , 对人体有害,小白鼠吃了之后,某个器官会萎缩(shrinking) , 这个器官在人体是掌管免疫能力的。 ② 蔗糖素用化学成分替换了正常糖中的原子,变成了一种有毒的化学物质,会导致中毒。 ③ 吃了这个糖会上瘾(reinforce the habit of human to enjoy the sugar), 反而不利于减肥。 听力:反驳 ① 大量食用(extremely high amount) 才会对身体有害,对人类来说要一天4000包(4000 packages a day )才有影响。 ② 这种成分不会被消化系统吸收(not  absorbed well by human digestive system), 不会积累(accumulate)到有毒的水平。 ③ 以前的糖成分会在加热时被破坏,这种糖被加热时不会被破坏(break down), 可以用来烘焙蛋糕和曲奇,又保持身材(diet)。 6. 探讨苏格兰(Scotland)一种史前圆形石塔(broch)的用途 阅读:阐述了三种可能的用途 ① 像堡垒一样,可用于防御(for defense)。 ② 用于食物储藏(for food storage)。 ③ 用于领导人居住(for leaders to live)。 听力:反驳 ① 上面没有窗,不像堡垒有很多小窗可以用来射击,不太可能用来防御。 ② 发现壁炉(fire place),庄稼会容易着火(catch fire)。 ③ 领导人的房间不可能孤零零地存在,在巨石旁也没有发现村庄。 7. 药品广告(drug advertisement)对人们到底好不好? 阅读:认为不是药品广告不好 ① 药商会隐藏副作用(side effect),甚至是他们自己都不知道的潜在风险(potential risks),所以不全面何不客观。 ② 广告出来后,药品销量暴涨,会误导病人,病人会直接向医生要求广告中的药品而不是听从医生的建议。 ③ 政府虽然有制定一些规则,但因为没有逐个检查广告,会有一些广告没有遵守,从而带来不好的影响。 听力反驳: ① 人们在买之前会自己去网上做研究,或者和医生讨论。所以人们能得到一个相对全面客观地理解。 ② 销量暴涨之后,人们会发现一些之前很少人知道但是很有用的一些药品。举例:戒烟的药。 ③ 虽然不能逐个检查,但政府会对违反规定的商家进行罚款。 8. 风力涡轮机(wind turbine)该不该用在一个The Great Lake上 阅读:应该用在这个湖 ① 对经济有好处,可以提供就业机会。 ② 因为该湖是淡水湖,比盐水湖腐蚀少,所以维修成本低。 ③ 减小用水量,节约用水。 听力反驳: ① 公司要投资很多钱维持运营(keep running),花钱供电数年,甚至提供给当地电力高达15年。 ② 淡水湖相比盐水胡容易结冰,并会破坏涡轮(turbine),维护成本很高。 ③ 节约用水只是一个方面,turbine需要润滑油,而润滑油会破坏水资源,而这个湖是当地居民的饮用水来源,所以居民就没法喝这个湖的水了。 9. 是否要保护土拨鼠(prairie dog) 阅读:不应该保护 ① 这种动物对农业有很大危害,因为会和牛争着吃草(compete with cattle  with grass)。 ② 这种啮齿类身上携带的各种细菌和疾病会传染给人类,对人类卫生有危害。 ③ 与大型的哺乳动物相比,在食物链中并不重要。 听力反驳: ① 牛群只是在固定区域活动(cattle now feed on some specific areas),而且这种啮齿类会让土壤变得充满营养(full of nutrition)。 ② 它所携带的病菌比较不同,在一个地区40年里只有10个人从这个啮齿类动物身上感染了致病菌。 ③ 这个啮齿类在食物链中占有重要地位,因为蛇、狼等动物会那它作为食物来源。 10. 古人修路的用途 阅读:提出三个观点 ① 用于运货,move commodities and people。 ② 用于宗教,religion。 ③ 用于防御系统,defense。 听力反驳: ① 这条路没有连接其他部落,当时没有其他交通工具,当时的人都是步行(on foot),路不需要那么宽。 ② 没有证据表明古人的宗教信仰和如今的人一样,所以不应该是宗教的用途。 ③ 敌人也可以用这条路,反而更方便他们入侵。 11. 关于一个面具(mask)是不是真品的讨论 阅读:认为是赝品(fake) ① Schlimanne这个人有不诚实的历史,曾经买了一个雕塑,然后声称是自己发现的。 ② 这个国王面具和其他真的面具有不一样的地方,胡子不一样。 ③ Schlimanne这个人发现面具后就停止发掘了,但是一般的考古学家都会继续发掘下去,来揭露更多疑问。 听力反驳: ① 发掘的时候有人看着现场,所以不可能造假。 ② 曾经有一个真的Lion mask的胡子与这个国王面具相似。 ③ 这个人是个宝藏猎人,所以只要找到值钱的面具就不会再发掘下去了。 12. 始新世(eocene)变暖现象引起原因的假设 阅读:提出三个观点 ① 洋流方向改变(ocean  current direction change): 板块运动导致洋流方向改变。 ② 彗星撞地球 (comet struck earth):在岩层中发现磁性物质(magnetic particles)证明是彗星撞地球产生的。 ③ 海洋中的甲烷(methane) 释放:因为海洋运动,温室气体(greenhouse gas)释放到大气层中导致温度升高。 听力反驳: ① 洋流变化带来的热量(heat)不足以引起气候变暖。 ② 磁性物质可能是其他物体引起的。 ③ 甲烷需要积累很多年才能造成大规模的气候变暖,但气候变暖和甲烷释放到空气中几乎发生在同时,所以不可能是甲烷引起的。 13. 关于Angkor社会衰落(decline)的原因(历史类;2015.10.10) 阅读:阅读认为Angkor(吴哥,柬埔寨的古都)社会衰落可能的原因有三 ① 被侵略(invasion) ② 宗教变化(religious change) ③ 干旱(drought) 听力反驳: ① 一直都是Angkor人在自己统治,历史上没有关于侵略者(invader)的记录。 ② 宗教(religion)确实一直在改编,但并非衰退(decline),反而是更加繁荣(flourish) ③ Angkor周围有湖泊,并且在更早之前有过的一次更严重的旱灾中,城里的人们都生存(survive)下来了。所以听力认为这一次干旱人们也应当幸存下来。 14. Akkad Kingdom迅速灭亡的三个解释(历史类;2016.03.12) 阅读:阅读给出Akkad Kingdom迅速灭亡的三种解释 ① Empire征服地区的人民进行了反抗 ② 天气气候恶劣,造成没有足够的食物供给(not enough food supply) ③ Empire想要主导贸易来获得利益(听力原文unfair  trade),引起周边国家的不满,甚至导致了几十个外国国王对他的宣战 听力反驳: ① 当时被征服地区的城墙(city  wall/defensive wall)已经被政府拆了,反抗军没有城墙保护很容易就会被政府军灭掉 ② 虽然天气不好会使粮食减产,但是empire的人民有先进的农业技术,如Irrigation(灌溉)和food  preserving(食物保存),所以不会发生shortage of food supply,即使降水少

2018年4月托福考试写作预测

③ empire一直在寻找新的贸易伙伴,所以即使和一些国家有摩擦,带来的损失也made up by与新国家之间的贸易带来的resources和利益 15. 一种马匹的养殖是否影响了当地的生态环境(环境类;2016.05.29) 阅读:肯定观点,认为影响 ① 过度放牧(over grazing)导致草被吃光,损坏了土壤; ② 马与当地的其他动物一起竞争食物,对于有限的土地资源来说,马匹的过度养殖影响了其他动物的生存; ③ 马匹经常踩踏当地的河流,影响了河水的水质,进而影响了河里鱼类的生存发展。 听力反驳: ① 马匹只吃草类植被的上半部分,根部会保留,所以不会损伤土壤,而且马匹的排泄物是土壤的肥料(manure),有利于土壤的保存; ② 马匹饲养是到处跑动的,所以当地对其他动物的食物供给是足够的。并且如果没有马匹,当地的捕食者(predator)狮子就会只捕食羊,导致其数量急剧减少; ③ 河水水质利于鱼类的生存主要是因为河狸(beaver)的存在。但由于人们认为河狸毁坏庄稼,于是将河狸赶走,才因此导致了河水水质变得较差,鱼类生存受到威胁。所以鱼类生存状况与马匹无关。 16. 讨论人工火灾(prescribed burning)的是否会造成不利影响(环境类2016.07.03) 阅读:给出了prescribed burning的三个不利影响 ① 这样的burning 会伤害动物,一些年幼的动物来不及逃走; ② 燃烧会加重污染。空气中的二氧化碳(carbon dioxid)以及其他物质会带来酸雨(acid rain),同时如果风把燃烧的灰烬吹到了别的地方,又会污染别的地区; ③ 燃烧可能会带来自然火灾,这样会需要花更多的时间,钱和资源进行治理。 听力反驳:认为阅读中的三个不利影响是可以避免的,完全不是问题 ① 人们会选择一些special period,这段时间内的动物没有reproduction,所以没有年幼的动物,成年动物可以很轻松的逃走,而且火蔓延的很慢; ② 人们可以growing trees,可以很快吸收二氧化碳。而且燃烧面积很小,不会排放很多的烟,就算有排放也会这些树被快速吸收掉; ③ 确实会有火灾的发生,但那是由于人为的疏忽,和prescribed burning没有关系。prescribed burning其实是为了去除一些易燃的物品,比如枯树枝(dead/old branches),所以就算那些地方有了自然火灾,也很容易控制或者熄灭(extinguish)。 17. Why toucan(犀鸟)evolved a bill(喙)(动物类;2015.09.13) 阅读:给出了toucan(犀鸟)的bill(喙)的三种用途 ① 做为武器against predators ② 利用color and shape to hide from predator ③ 散热get rid of excess/excessive body heat 听力反驳:认为阅读中给出的三种理论都不可靠 ① 不可做为weapon,bill很脆弱:it is made of hollow bones(中空的骨头) filled with air, so it’s thin and  lightweight or else it can’t fly。If it’s used as a weapon, it will be easily damaged in activities like jabbing(戳)。 ② 单只toucan无法利用bill隐藏。They have to call out to each other(召唤鸟群) in order to use the color and shape to blend into(融入,混入) surrounding areas. If they do this, they are going to draw  attention from predators ③ Healthy toucan doesn’t use bill,且they need bill to get rid of heat in the daytime(白天), but at night when the temperature is lower, they don’t,they then need to retain body heat。所以说bill不是用来散热的。 18. 关于深海采矿(vent mining)是否合理(科学类;2016.09.03) 阅读:认为vent mining很好 ① 能提供很多地表所没有的metal,比如zinc,silver之类的矿产资源; ② metal spreads到了离vent两公里之外的地方,所以开采可以在那里进行,不会伤害到vent附近的unique organism; ③ laws and agencies可以manage and regulate vent mining,这样开采将不会有所伤害。 听力:Judean professor认为vent mining不合理 ① Metal都在undersea volcanic vents,人们还没有technology能去separatemetal与sediment,并且没有technology去transport metal to the ocean surface; ② 开采时产生的harmful chemical会四处扩散,所以即便在vents两公里外远处开采,harmful chemical仍很可能会扩散到vents,伤害到那些organisms; ③ vent在海岸线coastal areas边上,不属于law的管辖范围,开采将不受国际法管理。 19. 阅读讲Titan的几个未被解释的特征,听力讲这些特征可以被解释 阅读: ①为啥轨道是椭圆的而不是圆的。 ②为啥有大量depressions的火山活动。 ③为什么沙丘(sand dunes)的slop和预期的相反。 听力反驳: ①因为不是一个moon而是几个组合在一起impact,所以force。 ②形成原因和地球上的类似,石头溶解在液体里,经过长时间形成。 ③说那里不像地球上,风too weak to 影响slop,之所以east是因为storm carried strong wind。 20. 金字塔内部竖井(shafts)的作用 阅读:提出三个理论 ①让外面的新鲜空气进入,工人在里面很难呼吸(hard to breathe)。 ②是和一些星星的方位一致。 ③让法老的灵魂(spirit)进入。 听力反驳: ①有的结构(structure)没有延伸到外面。 ②早期的星星和神灵并没有联系 (no connection)。 ③法老的灵魂可以从墙上穿过,不需要通道(passageways)。 21. Biofuel(生物燃料)尤其是algae fuel(藻类生产的燃料)能否成为未来主要的能源。 阅读:认为algae fuel 不能称为主要能源的三方面理由: ① Algae fuel 需要消耗大量的土地和淡水。 ② Algae fuel需要投入大量的资金,相应的设备价格高昂。 ③ Algae 需要大量的二氧化碳,而投入的纯二氧化碳只有部分能被吸收,未被吸收的部分将进入空气,污染大气。 听力反驳: ① Algae可以在任何条件的土地和水中生存,所以可以利用废弃的土地和水资源来生产。 ② Algae的生长周期很短,并且产量很高,所以收益很高,可以用来购买高昂的设备等。 ③ 可以利用工厂排出的废气二氧化碳来供给algae的生长,并且这样也能够净化空气。 22. Whether the Mary Celeste was found by  some sailors or not. 阅读:是。The Mary Celeste was found by some sailors: ① The 海盗偷窃船只pirates robbed the ship and took the sailor away; ② The dangerous liquids were leaking危险性液体泄露; ③ The ship was sinking  漏水下沉so they went to the lifeboat。 听力:反驳 ① All the valuable things were not missing没有遗失任何贵重物品, the pirates always come for money as long  as they get the money, and they should let the sailors go. ② The liquid has special smell which will linger for a long time液体会有特殊气味。不可能长时间不被发现, it is easy to be noticed when the sailors found the ship if the liquid had been leaking, but the sailors who found the ship didn't mention. ③ The sailors on the ship were very experienced, so they  should know that the ship can still sail for a couple of days before it sank, so they probably would not have abandoned the ship and moved to the lifeboat, which is much more dangerous. 船员都很有经验,提前就能知晓船只要下沉。 23.Andean遗址是为了抵御(defend)侵略者而修建的 阅读:认为不是为了抵御侵略者 ①遗址的墙不完整,有些地方没有墙。 ② 遗址的很多入口(entranceway)都没有防护装置。 ③遗址内没有证据显示内部可以储存很多水(water supply)和食物。 听力反驳: ①遗址没有墙的地方,旁边都有很多陡峭的山(cliff)或峡谷,敌人进不去,所以并不需要墙。 ②可以观察(scout)敌人,在敌人进攻前就发现他们。 ③那个时候天气很干燥,敌人不可能进攻太长时间,之后就撤退了(withdrawal),所以战争就不会持续太长时间(long lasting)。 24.船员(sailors)的死亡是否因罐头食物(canned food)里的铅(lead)造成的 阅读:认为不是 1.罐头是用铅封罐(seal),不会进到食物里去。 2.其他船只并没有报告(no report)这个现象。 3.有可能是净化水系统(water purification system)的管道(tunnel)是由铅制成的。 听力反驳: 1. 工人由于工作时间紧张,压力大、粗心,导致密封不好。 2. 其他船只的船员没有这个情况是因为没有检查或者报告,因为铅会引起一些很常见的病,比如感到疲劳,头疼,他们就忽略了。 3.铅管道的净化系统是给船的发动机(steam engine)供水,船组人员(crew)喝的和用的水是用别的方法收集的。 25.保护海龟sea  turtles数量减少的建议。 阅读:提出三点保护sea turtle的建议: ①  保护海龟的蛋,用mental fences把它们围起来,防止被狗或其他动物吃掉; ②  塑料袋对海龟有很大威胁,海龟会吃这些塑料袋,以为这些塑料袋是它们的一种食物,所以应该禁止使用塑料袋,而让人们用可重复使用的袋子; ③  fishing vessels,捕鱼的时候会误杀海龟,海龟是要呼吸air的,但是进了捕鱼网就只能在海底呆好久,所以我们发明了一个新的net可以避免这些,所以应该要求使用这种网,另外还要加上法律的保护。 听力反驳: ①  小海龟需要形成high developed磁场感应的能力,它们需要通过这种能力回到海里,但是mental fences会干扰它们形成这种能力,所以不好; ②  现在海里有millions trillions的塑料袋,需要百年才能分解,很难很慢,而且就算分解成小块也是有毒的,所以禁止塑料袋不能解决海龟现在所面临的问题; ③  让他们用新的网很困难,因为会减少鱼的income,所以很多船并不会使用这种网,而且即使有了法律也没用,渔民们会偷偷地把看到的devices带回港口,然后继续捕鱼。 26. 探讨鳗鱼(eel)数量减少的原因 。 阅读:提出三点可能原因 ①  欧洲海域兴建的dam阻碍了eel的繁殖; ②  鳗鱼的食物鱼里面有寄生虫,导致他们infection; ③  海洋里鳗鱼繁殖的位置很难找到,所以很难帮他们排除危险。 听力反驳: ①  可以建立带有tube的dam,鳗鱼可以穿过,游过去繁殖; ②  人们已经发现含有寄生虫的鱼的种类,可以把这些鱼引到别的鳗鱼接触不到的地方; ③  科学家们使用device已经可以确定鳗鱼的迁徙路线、位置,以及是否有对eel有危害的生物,从而保护鳗鱼。  27. 讨论mustangs 是否会threaten environment 阅读:认同 ①  Mustangs是large graze animals,可能会overgraze,从而对土壤不好; ②  Mustangs的存在会使得food resource减少,而环境有carrying capacity,因此其他物种如sheep,  cattle数量会减少; ③  Mustangs可能会污染水源,导致鱼类数量减少。 听力反驳: ①  不会overgraze,Mustangs只吃草的顶端,留下根,所以可能是其他物种导致了土壤不好,而Mustangs还能为土壤提供养分; ②  如果Mustangs不在,那么狮子就会吃掉sheep,所以数量会减少; ③  曾经beaver存在,建dam使得水流变慢适合幼鱼生长,但之后人们认为beaver会对crop产生危害,人为清除了,从而鱼类减少。 28. 讨论ceramic plates的可能用处 阅读: 提出三点可能用处 ①  放在火上当cooking pans ②  蒙上兽皮当drums ③  装上液体当mirrors 听力反驳: ①  如果放在火上加热,底盘会有blacking和discoloration。然而实际当中并没有发现。 ②  因为是ceramic,所以即使蒙上animal skins,也不能发出drum的声音,而且这种方式太重。用木头和动物skins更轻而且声音更好,有更适合的材料,但是不用很奇怪。 ③  如果作为mirror,底盘没有花纹的一面没法看见。既然如此就没有必要设计。基于已有的发现,显然不是作为镜子。 29. 争论著名的Pearl Poet到底是谁 阅读: 提出三点可能 ①  John Massey 住在英国西北部,这里是那四首诗出产的地方,并且John Massey和Pearl Poet的笔迹一样。 ②  认为是Hugh,因为他写了关于Garwain的诗歌,而四首著名的手抄诗也是关于Garwain。另外诗歌中都用了大量的alliteration。 ③  四首诗的作者可能不是一个人,因为诗里分别提到了英格兰不同的地区。 听力反驳: ①  那个时候的很多诗歌都是由专业的抄写人员完成的,笔记一样也不能说明问题。 ②  Pearl Poet和Hugh在诗里用的方言完全不一样。 ③  不能是几个人,因为四首诗里的用词很相近,不可能不同作者用完全一样的遣词造句。 30. 关于the Ninth Legion消失的理论 阅读: 提出三点可能 ①  The Ninth Legion在苏格兰帮助加入battle,然后被wiped out ②  在荷兰发现roof tile which is a symbol of the Ninth Legion,推测是the Ninth Legion的soldiers修理的 ③  The Ninth Legion 在帮助Judea的战役中被wiped out 听力反驳: ①  在这场battle中被wiped  out的不是the Ninth Legion,因为如果是的话应该能找到the Ninth Legion遗留下的equipment和weapon,但是并没有 ②  建造roof tile需要kiln,但是在荷兰并没有kiln,同时,这种kiln在其他地方有,Britain有,所以有可能是从Britain运来荷兰的,任何人都有可能运来并不一定是the  Ninth Legion ③  The Ninth Legion在west,Judea在east,选择the  Ninth Legion来帮助战役不是一个good choice,不是一个有效的方式,所以即使要选也会选地方located close to Judea 独立写作: 1. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? People who have learned many different skills are more likely to success than those who focus on learning only one skill. 解题思路: 选择:People who have learned many different skills are more likely to success than those who focus on learning only one skill. ① 具有多种技能可以在职业发展中有更多的选择(a variety of distinct skills provide individual with more choices in career development)。 解释:现在的社会竞争压力大(competitive pressure), 许多行业因为没有办法满足消费者的需要(consumer demands)而被迫关门(collapse),因此如果这些员工不掌握多门的技术,他们很容易失业(lost their jobs),相反,如果他们掌握不同的技术,他们会灵活的来适应各种环境(flexible to adjust to the situation),更容易成功。 ② 具备多种技能有助于塑造一个人全面发展的个性(all-round development),使我们具备更多成功的特质(qualities)。 解释:数学和物理使得我们学会理性分析(rational analysis),艺术让我们更加高贵(gentleness),文学让我们更感性(sensible)。 ③ 拥有多种技能可以更好的帮助我们克服(overcome)成功道路上的困难(obstacles)。解释: 在成功的过程中,我们会遇到关于管理(management)的问题,关于财务(finance)的问题,关于人事(personnel administration)的问题,如果我们可以掌握这么多技能,那么我们就可以轻易解决许多的问题,而不是依赖(depend on)他人。 2. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Government should make preschool education free of charge. 解题思路:选择同意 ① 可以让学前教育惠及更多民众(make early education accessible to a greater number of people)。解释:当前社会贫富差距大(a serious financial disparity),这意味着很多社会成员还挣扎在社会底层(a quite big number of social members are struggling at the bottom)。他们养家糊口都成问题(have difficulty feeding their families),更别说给孩子提供良好的教育了(let alone giving their young kids decent education)。 ② 可以刺激经济的发展(boost economy)。解释:如果费用取消(be canceled),学前教育的需求将会井喷(a heavy demand for preschool education will be created)。会有大量的幼儿园建立(be excepted to be built),大量老师会被招聘从事幼儿教育,这是提振当下经济疲软的一剂良方(serve as an impetus to the current sluggish economy)。 ③ 让步段:取消学前教育收费固然优缺点,比如:政府会面临巨大的经济压力(will face a financial burden),或许会对其他领域征收更多的税(levy higher tax on other fields)。但是,教育问题关系到千家万户(the issue of education concerns almost all families),孩子是国家的未来。如果政府能够向公众解释这一行为的动机(inform the public of the intention of this conduct),就没什么可以担心的了(there will be nothing to worry about)。 3. The university has assigned tasks for students in summer vacation: to attend a course irrelevant to their major, or to  do community services. Which do you prefer? 解题思路:选择参加社区活动 ① 可以帮助学生提升社会责任感(raise the sense of social responsibility)。解释:在学校里,学生没有太多时间接触社会(keep in touch with society),他们需要努力学习获得学分(get credits)。但是,通过社区服务,学生可以了解到生活在这个世界上不容易,反而能让他们更加脚踏实地(make them more down-to-earth)。 ② 可以在社区服务中发掘自己的职业方向(discover career direction)。解释:一些好的想法往往来自于社区服务,因为参与者可以了解居民的真实需求,并且发现潜在的商业机会(discover the potential business opportunities)。 ③ 让步段:参加一些与专业无关的课程确实会有好处,比如:可以拓宽一个人的视野,并且帮助学生掌握其他领域中的知识(broaden one’s horizon and help them acquire knowledge of other fields)。但是,“只工作不玩耍,聪明的孩子也变傻”(all work and no play makes Jack a dull boy)。知识确实是好东西,但社会经验同等重要(social experience is of equal importance)。暑期是让孩子获得社会经验的绝好机会,而不是让学生继续专注在课程、教科书和其他学术的东西上。 4. A high school has decided that all students must take a class in which they learn a practical skill. School administrators are trying to decide whether to hold a class in cooking, managing personal finances or auto repair. Which do you think the school should require students to take? Why? 解题思路:选择理财课最重要 ① 可以提升学生的节约意识(raise  the awareness of saving money)。解释:现在很多的高中生都备受家人宠爱(be spoiled),家长总是试图满足他们的需求(satisfy their needs)。因此这些被宠坏的孩子(pampered kids)甚至不知道该如何省钱。理财可以让他们意识到赚钱和理财并非易事。 ② 可以增加孩子在未来获得财富上成功的可能性(increase the odds for students to gain financial success)。有理财能力的人更容易获得大量财富(acquire much wealth),理财课恰好能帮助学生为获得这种能力打下坚实的基础(lay a solid foundation for having such ability)。 ③ 让步段:另外两个选项也有一定的价值(the other two options are also of certain values)。烹饪课可以培养孩子的独立性,帮助他们健康饮食(allow them to eat more healthily);汽车维修可以锻炼孩子的动手能力(practical ability)。但是这两种课程都有缺点:烹饪课上,孩子会因为用火不当而造成严重的后果(the inappropriate use of fire could cause a severe consequence);另外,现在汽车的质量都很好,很少需要维修,而且去专业维修站自理也很方便。 5. Do you agree or  disagree with the following statement? It is better to relax by a movie or reading a book than doing physical exercises. 解题思路:选择做运动 ① 思想上可以得到放松(people’s mind is set at ease)。解释:运动让我们的注意力从工作转移到呼吸或者肌肉锻炼中(physical exercises unwind us by shifting our concentration from  work to breathing or muscle building),从而让我们放松下来。 ② 体育运动可以增强人们对于疲劳的抵抗力(intensify one’s resistance against fatigue)。解释:一个人在运动之后可能会觉得很累(feel exhausted physically),但是他的心血管系统在运动中可以得到增强(cardiovascular system is enhanced),血液循环会变得更加有效率(the blood circulation becomes more efficient),从而提升了人们的身体素质来抵抗压力。 ③ 让步段:看电影和看书确实也能让身体得到放松(be at rest)。但是坐着看书和看电影对我们的健康非常不利(be to a  large extent detrimental to our physical health),久坐会削弱我们抵抗疲劳的能力(the state of inactivity will weaken our ability to get rid of  stress),同时过度用眼(the excessive use of eyes)也会伤害视力,从而对缓解压力没有任何好处。 6. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Young people today are more likely to  invest their time and efforts in improving the world than young people were  in the past. 解题思路:同意 ① 互联网给年轻人带来了改变世界的信息(the  Internet furnishes young people with information to improve the world),这些有助于打开他们的思维。解释:有了互联网的发展,让年轻人有机会(young people are given a possibility )去了解世界的需求,并且了解自己能为世界做些什么。 ② 教育方式的转变(the transformation of teaching methods)让年轻人更多地思考他们能为这个世界做些什么。解释:老师们不再要求学生只专注于学业(focus on academic performance),而是尽可能地鼓励他们为这个社会多想、多做。因此,这些年轻人收到了鼓舞,想出好的主意,实践它们,从而改变这个社会(those young people are inspired to think of good ideas and carry  out them to change the community)。 ③ 让步段:确实,以前的年轻人也都为改变世界做出贡献。但是,在过去,孩子们通常都被要求为更好的成绩而奋斗(be demanded to strive for better grades at school),这让他们没有机会去想出改变世界的好主意以及去实现这些想法(leaving them no changes to come up with ideas and practice them to  improve the world);另外,由于沟通方式受限(limited ways of communication),一些活动也很难组织起来。 7. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Competition between friends usually negatively impacts friendships. 解题思路:反驳题中观点 ① Firstly, there is nothing wrong with healthy competition between friends.朋友间的良性竞争并不是件坏事。一般来说,积极的竞争(positive  competition)对人们很多有好处:激励你更努力地工作,积极奋斗(motivating you to work harder and strive for more)。正如孔子所言:“三人行,必有我师焉。”(Friends are more beneficial who are better than you, one way or another); ② Furthermore, friends strengthen  their bonds through competition. 竞争可以加固友谊。诚然,朋友间会彼此竞争,但也会彼此帮助击败其他竞争对手(friends also help each other to beat other competitors),这样会使友谊更加坚固。可举身边朋友的例子或者是运动员之间互相帮助的例子:跳水运动员等 ③ 让步段:Trying to be better  than your friends at everything might not be so healthy, though.比如:夹杂着愤怒和嫉妒的竞争会使友谊受到重创(a friendship could be severely damaged by competition, invariably mixed with rage and/or jealousy),而有时这些情绪又难以消化(too overwhelming to be swallowed)。若想保住友谊,保持良性竞争就非常重要and避免恶性竞争(unhealthy completion)。The right thing to do, then, is to keep competition positive, if possible at all. 8. Which one do you  prefer? In times of economic crisis, in which field do you think the government can cut financial support? 1.Art 2.Scientific research 3.Parks and public gardens 解题思路:选择减少Art上的财政支持 ① 艺术更多的是使生活丰富多彩(add spice to our lives),(例子可以举音乐,话剧)很难产生直接的巨大的(direct and considerable)的经济效益;然而科学研究(scientific research),可以降低生产成本(lower cost of production),并且提高不同行业的生产力(productivity),从根本上有利于解决经济危机(economic crisis)。 所以减少art方面的财政支持意味着有更多投入到与经济直接相关的项目中; ② 艺术相关的东西并不是人们生活中重要(indispensable)的,因此经济危机时期减少艺术上的投资不会给人们的生活带来直接的不便(inconvenience),换句话说,人们并不会因为少看一场艺术展(art exhibition)或少看一场音乐会(concert)而抱怨不止,但是很可能抱怨因为确山公园没有地方进行休闲活动(complain about the lack of parks and gardens because they could go nowhere to easily access leisure activities)。 ③ 艺术相关的领域往往不会需要昂贵的大型的(ultra-expensive and large-scale)的专业设备,所以即使减少相关的投入也不会有导致灾难性的后果(cause catastrophic consequences),相反科学研究往往需要专业昂贵的设备(involve professional equipment which may cost millions of RMBs), 缺少的话很多重要研究会受到影响,而公园中往往也要各种各样的运动器材(equip with a diversity of sports facilities),所以在经济危机期间减少艺术项目的投入是合理的(it is reasonable to reduce investment in arts during economic recession)。 9. Do you agree of  disagree the high school students are required to study many different  subjects at the same time or they should study only three or four subjects at a time. 解题思路:同时学很多不同科目 ① 学习过程更有趣,如果只集中于(focus on)三四门课,学习内容会比较单调,学生可能会失去新鲜感 (lose enthusiasm) 而产生厌倦的情绪,从而无法坚持高效学习。 ② 扩展知识面 (expand knowledge),找到自己真正感兴趣的点(things they are strongly zealous in),确定自己大学的专业(choose the major in university)。 ③ 学科之间相互启发, 想法会相互启发,能够使得学生更加创造性地思考和学习(ideas can enlighten each other,which enables students to think and study more creatively)。 10. The school has been funding for students to participate in different types of activities, but this year, since the lack of money, the school will fund one activity, which one do you think is the  one the school should fund: sports, arts and volunteering. 解题思路:选择sports ① 投资体育设施(the investment in sports facilities)能够不仅给学生还给教职工(not only students but faculty)提供使用各种设施的便利(easy access to various activities),这对于处于压力下的(under huge pressure)的学生和老师来说是一个非常方便的放松机会。 ② 体育馆的修建可以给学生更好的训练环境,如果学生能够参加相关比赛并取得不错的成绩,都是学校的荣誉,同时学校也有机会去承办一些体育活动(hold  sports events),这样对于学校提升自己知名度(increase its popularity),可以吸引到更多投资或好的学生; ③ 所修建的体育设施可以对外开放,服务附近的居民,因此可以作为另一种谋利方式(can be regarded as a way to make extra profit),更可以缓解学习的经济负担(relieve the school's financial burden)。 11. Do you agree or disagree: Universities should spend more money on facilities (such as libraries, computer labs, and technology in general) than to spend more money on hiring famous teachers. 解题思路:选择同意 ① 花钱在设施上和学生成绩提高联系紧密。(There is a convincing connection between the quality of teaching facilities and students’ grades.) 例子用的是实验课。花钱买实验设备就能让枯燥实验课变得有趣。 ② 花钱在设施上有助于培养学生创造力。(Teachers will be able to plan and develop intriguing teaching methods if they can take advantage of the best teaching facilities.) 例子用的机器人。花钱买机器人可以鼓舞学生以后设计自己的机器人。 ③好的有名气的老师流动性比较大,而设施是不动产,能够保证教学的持久性。 12. Do you agree or disagree: In the past, people were more friendly than they are today. 解题思路:选择同意 ① 过去人们交流更频繁。(People in the past were more accessible and communicated more frequently.) 现代建筑和科技阻隔了人与人之间的沟通,人们因此更加不了解。可以举例说现在和几十年前人居所的不同。 ② 现在的人们更关心经济利益。在过去,人们会更关心对方。(Human beings used to be more caring about others than about  economic profit.) 现在社会越来越物质化(materialistic),把追求利益放在首位,所以不会去考虑对待别人的态度。 ③ 过去人们更信任别人。(People in the past have more trust for others.)媒体中播报出的犯罪案件越来越多,人们潜意识(sub-consciously)里就不相信其他人,也没办法进行友好地交流。 13. Many university students are encouraged to study in those majors, which have an increase of job growth (more needed in the job market) like Science, Technology, Engineering, Math. What are your opinion about to choose those majors instead of what they are interested in? (教育类 利弊分析2016.11.05 ) 解题思路:选择自己感兴趣的 ① Interest  can help students achieve greater success in their area. 解释:当一个人的专业是其兴趣与未来职业规划的结合体时(a combination of interest and future career plan),这无疑会促使一个人去花比别人更多的时间和努力去钻研自己的专业,那么即便这个专业不是one of the hottest major,学生仍有可能在该领域内获得很好的发展。并且这个学生会因为能够自己感兴趣的事情而感到快乐。(对比论证),相反情况,被迫使选择自己不感兴趣的专业,那么学生很可能一味地很纠结苦恼,并且无法完全沉浸在学习中。最终,即便这些学生学则的时hot major,但不能用心学习,不能在该领域去努力钻也,同样时无法得到好的未来发展的,并且不快乐。 ② If  students choose their interested majors by heart, the social competition tends to be naturally balanced. 解释:如果每个人都一味的去追逐所谓的热门专业,那么该领域的竞争必然会急剧加大(the competition in this major or area must increase dramatically)。这样发展下去(If so,),即便这是个社会需求量大的专业,也会因为人才过多而变得很难找到工作(even if it is a major in demand, it will become highly difficult for graduates to find job due to the superabundant job seekers)。 ③ 让步:虽然说choosing a hot major seems guarantee a student a more stable future career development, which can be understood that the student might at least find a job for a living (最起码能找到一份谋生的工作). Nonetheless, 个人兴趣对于未来发展的不可忽视的影响(The unignorable influence of personal interest on future development),以及社会大环境的不断变化都应该被更多的考虑在大学专业的选择中。 14. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Your job has a large effect on your overall happiness than social life does.(工作类 利弊分析2016.09.24) 解题思路:不同意,social life影响更大 ① Social life involves more kinds and forms of activities and more aspects of personal life。 解释:工作只是个人生活的一个组成元素,往往最主要目的是为了生存。而social life会涉及到生活的方方面面(every aspect of  life),并且有形式多样的活动(various activities,banquets, parties, clubs, trips, games等等)。 ② Social life中我们可以更放松。解释:工作中需要follow so many strict rules and regulations, 而social life可以自由表达自己的个性(personality),更容易让我们开心。 ③ Social life可以让我们得到真正的情感(real relationships),比如友情、爱情。解释:工作中我们面对的只是同事和客户(colleagues and clients),who mainly have interest relation with each other。而在social life中,各类活动能够帮助对别人有更深入的接触和了解,找到志同道合的朋友(friends in the same camp/ like-minded friends),甚至是灵魂的伴侣(soul mate)。 15. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It is more important for the government to spend more money on art museums and music performance centers than on recreational facilities(like playgrounds, public swimming pool).(政府类 2015.11.28) 解题思路:agree Art museums and music performance centers可以给当地政府带来持续稳定且数目可观的收入(a source of steady and considerable income)。解释:这些场地可以用来举办各类艺术展和明星演唱会, which is attractive to not only local residents but also tourists and fans from other places. 比起public recreational facilities, art museums and music performance centers能够带来更多的就业岗位(employment positions)。解释:这些场馆需要长期的管理和工作人员(long-term staffs to manage and maintain)。并且,展览和演唱会等活动的不断举办也会促进相关产业的发展(stimulate the development of relevant industries)。 让步:诚然,constructing recreational facilities is also beneficial to citizens, 比如,确实public swimming pools and playgrounds provide easy access for citizens to participate in sport activities and to relax with a lower price。但是art museum and music centers benefit both the public and the government。并且,人们在看exhibition 和 music performance的时候不仅也可以得到很好的放松,还能acquire more cultural knowledge, improve their aesthetic appreciation。 16. What is the most useful action for people to help environment in their local community? (环境类 三选一 2016.09.03) l Plant trees and create parks; l Persuade local shops to stop providing plastic bags to customers; l Increase access to public transportation (such as buses and trains), thus reducing the automobiles on the road. 解题思路:选择第三种,increase public transportation, reduce the automobiles ① Increasing the  greening does not solve the pollution problems fundamentally/ from the  source. 解释:城市内汽车数量如果不受控制(out of control),持续不断增长(keep rising),那么污染气体还会不断增加。这样的话,再怎么增加吸收污染气体的绿色植被都是徒劳的(no matter how much green vegetation, which absorbs pollutant in air, is planted, it fails)。何况(besides),城市土地面积有限且土地昂贵有限,不可能大面积地增加绿地。 ② Plastic stuff is  just have minor impacts on local environment。实际的情况是(the truth is),城市中的垃圾原本就是被倾倒或掩埋在(are supposed to be dumped or buried)偏远地区(rural and remote areas),另外,生产塑料袋的工厂往往都建远离社区的地方,所以即使禁止使用塑料袋,工厂降低生产,当地社区的环境也不会有直接的改变。而且,城市中的主要污染,即空气污染(major pollution, i.e., air pollution)不会得到任何缓解。 ③ Finally, reducing traffic can help improve the air quality on a fundamental basis(根本上解决问题). 解释:Fewer automobiles on road means that less amount of fossil fuels will be consumed to generate energy, then less exhaust fume will be released into the air. 举例:背景2008。 17. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Visiting museums is the best way to learn about a country. (文化类 绝对词 2016.12.11) 解题思路:同意 visiting museums is the best way ① There is no denying that paying a visit to a museum teaches people a great deal about a nation's past. 解释:Touring around a history museum is just like going on a magical journey(奇幻旅程) through the ages. Such an unforgettable experience allows one to return to the remote past in person and witness what was happening. There is much to be learned and memorized. ② Visiting museums can also provide people with ample knowledge(丰富的知识) about the present magnificence of a country(一个国家的现世辉煌). 解释:Ranging from art and science to agriculture, museums truly cover a vast area. ③ 让步:Admittedly, in addition to museum visits, there are also other ways to learn about a country. For example, reading books, local newspapers and magazines, watching news broadcasts on TV and seeing documentary films(记录片) could be some alternatives(替代方式). 打压:However, comparatively, visiting museums proves to be a more direct way. 18. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?Rather than help their children do school work, parentsshould encourage their children to do work independently. (教育类 利弊分析 2017.02.26) 解题思路:选择同意,encourage children to do work independently好。 ① Doing school work independently is a good opportunity to review what students have learned in class. 解释:without the help of parents, children为了完成作业,不得不自己亲自去再次复习回忆学校课堂里学习的理论(theories)、方法(methods)、公式(formulae)、例子(examples)等内容,甚至在父母的鼓励下,能够主动的去整理所学知识(organize what they have learned)。 ② Children can be more independently overall. 解释:习惯了独立学习之后(after being used to studying by their own),孩子渐渐地就会懂得遇到问题时(run up against roadblocks)主动寻求(seek for)解决问题的方法,而不是(instead of)依赖于别人的帮助(rely on the help from others)。 ③ 让步段:some may stress that assisting children with their homework is far different from simply offer help for study. Actually, this is the precious parent-child time(亲子时间) for busy parents to ge closer to children and know how children perform in school. The children perhaps are willing to share some little secrets deep in heart. Sounds sweet, right? However, the truth would possibly be far from(远非,完全不) sweet. After wrestling with(努力克服,全力对付) all sorts of thorny problems at workplace, the exhausted parents possibly tend to be out of patience, especially when they find that their children even fail to solve an easy question. These impatient adults are likely to lose their temper and take their anger on the innocent children. 19. The university club want to help others,if you are a member of them, you only could undertake one project this year. which following would you prefer to choose?To help students at a nearby primary school with reading and mathematics;build house for people who cannot buy or rent;visit and assist the elderly people with daily tasks. 解题思路:选择to help students at a nearby primary school with reading and mathematics (题目翻译:学校要组织一个俱乐部去帮助他人,你会选择以下哪一件事情?一个是去教附近小学的学生阅读和数学,一个是给买不起房子的人盖房子,还有一个是帮助老人做日常的一些工作) ① 教小学生阅读和数学可以培养我们的交流沟通能力(communication skills)和人际交往能力(the development of one’s interpersonal skills)。 ② Not only can the students of primary school learn some knowledge about reading and mathematics, but also we can learn some knowledge which we have not known before.(在教授小学生的时候,我们也可以学到一些以前可能不知道的知识)。 3.教小学生阅读和数学也可以培养我们的耐心(the character of patience),这对我们未来的工作,生活,学习都有好处。 20.The most important thing that the government should do to improve the health care is to clean the environment. 题型:绝对词 话题:政府类 解题方法:提出另外2~3种更好的解决方式 ① 主题句:First of all, the government should pay more attention to ameliorate(改善) the poverty issue(贫困问题) in our country. 解释句/对比论证:Although a clean environment is an important condition of health care, there are however more and more people who do not have sufficient food in our society, which means those poor people do not take in enough nutrition(没有足够的成长). Therefore, they may not grow well and become sick easily. 结束句:That's why I am convinced that improving the poverty issue should be given more consideration by the government. ②主题句:In addition, the government should take health-care education into account(考虑卫生保健教育). 解释句:The reason being, that teaching the public how to stave off viruses is also as significant as the clean environment problem. Since each disease has its unique feature, people have to learn how to quickly identify those diseases. 举例论证: For example, AIDS is a common disease around the world, and this kind of virus has no connection with environment. Therefore, the government should educate the public that the best way to avoid this disease is to have safe sex. 结束句:There is no gainsaying (不可否认的是)that the government have to take health-care education far more seriously than helping clean the environment. ③ With the reasons above, I hold that the clean environment issues should not be put in the limelight(不应该备受瞩目). That is not to say of course that other points of view are completely without merit. 重申立场:However, I think the reasons which I have provided in favor of my viewpoint are much stronger. 21. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: Taking a lot of time to make an important decision is often considered as a bad quality for a person. However, some people think that it is a good quality for a person. 解题思路:I agree with the statement that it is a good quality for a person to take a lot of time to make an important decision. ① 当做决定之前如果能有充裕的(plentiful)时间思考,就更加可能把所有因素(factors)考虑进去,从不同的角度分析所做决定的利弊(calculate risks from different angles),为可能发生的意外情况(the unpredictable things)以及产生的后果做好心理准备(be mentally prepared for the unknown consequences),于是更可能做出一个明智(wise)的决定。 ② 匆忙间做出的决定往往只能看到事情的一面(one side),这样的决定很可能是基于(based on)次要因素(minor factor),而不是主要因素上(chief factor)。如果结果发现决定做错了(when it turns out that the decision made is wrong),那就要花更多的时间和精力(more time and energy)去弥补(make up),然而事前多花些时间可以做好多个应急预案(different contingency plans),从而让人更加resilient。 ③ 在行动前(before action)考虑更多,不仅能够保证(guarantee)事情的决定是明智的,而且还能提升行动时的效率(improve efficiency),就像作家在写作之前会花很长时间先列个提纲(outline),画家在作画之前会先反复很多次起个草(start with a sketch),这些刚开始的努力(initial efforts)会保证接下来工作的顺利进行,对最后能否成就一个伟大的作品直接相关(be related with the making or breaking the final outcome)。 22.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It is difficult for teachers to be both popular (students like them) and effective to help students learning. 解题思路:【Disagree】: ① At first glance,being popular contradicts with the effectiveness of teaching.因为老师们想要popular among students,往往都不会太严格(strict)。It is understandable that a student tend to keep teachers at arm’s length(跟老师保持距离)if their teacher keeps a poker face all day long and sets strict rules in class.所以反过来说如果老师为了please students at the expense of being serious,那么the boundary between students and the teacher may be blurred.因此no wonder会有人质疑(suspect)学生一旦跟老师熟悉起来,那么他们上课时可能就不会把老师的要求当回事儿(take… seriously)这自然就会影响老师的正常教学也会影响学生的学习质量。However, when we take a closer look at this issue, 会发现想要同时做到popular和effectively conduct class并不是那么困难。 ②首先,老师们在设计自己的课堂的时候要充分结合学生的兴趣,将看似枯燥的学术知识(academic knowledge)用新颖(novel)有趣的方式表现出来。比如通过视频技术来给学生演示细胞发育成生命体的过程;让学生动手设计实验,自己去验证自己的想法,在讲解比较枯燥的数学公式时,题目的难度要设计的有针对性,不能一下子就难住学生而导致学生太挫败(frustrated),这样能让学生感受到学习的乐趣,老师也自然能在gain popularity的同时有效地进行了教学。 ③其次,合理的课堂管理规则也可以让老师同时实现这两个目标。让学生多参与就是一种非常好的方法。比如老师在第一次上课时就让学生一起讨论并制定课堂好规则,跟学生确定好惩罚与奖励措施,并且可以给学生权利来自我管理。这样学生一方面能够感受到自己被尊重被重视,所以自然就会对老师更加尊敬,另外老师的课堂目标也能很容易地实现。 23. Providing the Internet access is as important as other services, like building roads, so the government should provide it at no cost. 解题思路:Disagree: ① 开头段:我不认为政府应该免费提供互联网,因为此建议有违公平原则,而且互联网和其他传统基础服务相比还没有那么紧要。(I cannot support the argument that government should be responsible for providing Internet service at no cost. Access to the Internet is simply not as critical as other traditional infrastructure needs.) ② 中间段1:主题句,政府补贴的免费互联网服务有违公平原则。(Government subsidized free Internet is a breach of fairness principle.)论证:有些人比其他人使用更多的互联网,因此这一政策只对有些人有好处,对那些没那么经常使用互联网的人有坏处。举例,IT人士可能会24小时使用互联网,但是小孩可能很少使用。(IT professionals may use internet on a 24 twenty-four hour basis in contrast to young kids who may barely touch the computer.) ③ 中间段2:访问互联网和其他关键基础设施相比,没那么重要。(The assumption that the ability to access the Internet is synonymous with the right to freedom and as important as other infrastructure services is incorrect.)论证:对人们生活非常重要的公共服务很少,只有水,食物和电力等。(There are a few infrastructure services that are essential to people's lives such as water, food and electricity.)举例,想象一个病人在急救室,医生必须有电才能做手术。但是同样的医生如果是参加网络医学会议仅仅是更有帮助,而非必须。(The doctor has to have electricity in order to conduct the surgery. But it is only helpful but not necessary for the same doctor to participate in online medical conferences.) 24. : Nowadays students do many things like surfing the Internet, listening to music when they are learning. Do you agree or disagree that doing other things impose bad effect on learning? 解题思路:Agree: ① 学习的时候听音乐可以帮助我们提高学习效率。(The practice of engaging in amusement while studying often improves the overall efficiency.)论证:实验证明,巴洛克音乐中60拍的高频音乐可以快速完成作业,学习速度将提高2—10倍。 ② 学习的时候娱乐可以放松身心。(Entertainment activities enable us to be relaxed when we are studying.)论证:从而有利于激发我们的创造力(It favorable for us to inspire creativity.) ③ 学习的时候娱乐可以拓宽思维。(When we are involved in these recreation, the activities can put us in a favorable  position in thinking.)论证:可以看到别人的观点,从而获得解决问题的灵感。 25. If you are selecting a leader for a student organization, honesty is the most important to consider in deciding whom to vote for. 解题思路:Agree: ①  诚实是赢得学生支持的基本前提。(honesty is the basic premise of winning over other students. )论证:学生从小被教育要真诚对待他人,如果领导者采用欺骗的手段那么就会失去威信。 ②  真诚的领导者可以为团体做出好的榜样。(an honest leader will set a good example for the whole team.)论证:上梁不正下梁歪(fish begins to stink at the head),如果领导者不诚实,那么整个团队都会效仿。 ③  让步段:的确有的时候需要善意的谎言并且其他品质也非常重要(Sure, some may argue that from time to time white lies have to be told and perhaps other qualities, like communication skills, play a more important role in deciding the candidate for the leader.), 但这并不是那么的必要。 26. Some young people are free in the evenings or have days off at school, which way can bring them the most benefit? 1、to accumulate work experience by a part-time job or volunteering in a community 2、learning to play a sport 3、learning to play a musical instrument 解题思路:play a sport ①  在晚上空闲时间进行体育运动不仅能强健身体还能带来精神健康。(There is no doubt that playing a sport could bring us physical health as well as mental health, which is essential for individual development. ) 论证:一天繁重的工作之后,我们会累积许多的负面情绪,而这些负面情绪会对我们的身体健康和工作效率有很大的危害,所以需要通过体育运动来释放。 ②  体育运动不仅能释放压力还能培养我们的沟通协作能力。(Another factor which should be taken into account is that, in sports, we could learn to communicate and cooperate with others, which plays an elementary role in individual overall development.)论证:一个人的成功不仅取决于日常学习提升的智商,还取决于情商,而体育运动可以提升个人的情商。 ③  让步:的确其他两个方式也有一定好处(Admittedly, it is justifiable to reckon that doing a part-time job or playing a musical instrument is also a good way to spend our free time at night.),但都会带来一定危害。 27. Children aged 12-18 are taught different subjects by different teachers while younger children always stay with one teacher every day. Some hold the view that it will also be beneficial for children to be taught by different teachers every day. 解题思路:different teachers ①  不同老师教课能帮助年幼的孩子注意力集中。(for the children, it is much easier to focus on the subjects that different teachers teach, when they are much younger.)论证:年纪小的孩子只有真的感兴趣时才会注意力集中 ②  学生也能学到除了科目以外更多的东西。(children could learn something new from different teachers, besides the subjects.)论证:不同的老师代表着不同的性格,价值观,经历,这些都能给学生更广的视野 ③  让步段:的确,不同老师教书可能会给学生带来不稳定的感觉,(it presents us a risk that different teachers teach children every day.)但很容易弥补这一缺陷。 28. Which way do you think is the best for a student to make new friends? A:joining a sports team B:participating in community activities C: traveling 解题思路:joining a sports team ①  体育运动可以很快地了解对方。(Joining a sports team where they can share same interests and relax is the easiest way to know each other.)论证:参加一项体育运动不仅可以释放压力,而且可以很快的彼此熟悉,通过沟通建立友谊。 ②  合作精神是体育运动的本质。(Additionally, cooperation is always the main essence of a sports team.)论证:因为在一项体育运动中,大家要学会团队合作(teamwork),为整个团队贡献而不是你自己(contribute to the whole team instead of just thinking of self),这样的团队合作更容易帮你结交到朋友。 ③  体育运动结交的朋友更长久。(joining a sport team will provide a long period of time for students to get along with each other.)论证:在旅游途中所结交的朋友并不一定是长期的,可能在旅游结束之后就不会联系了。(not keep in touch with others after the traveling) 29. It is a waste of money for governments to fund space travel and space exploration. 解题思路:认同 ①  政府应该把钱投在教育上,因为这不仅符合大多数人的利益,而且可以为国家发展培养人才。(Government should spend money on education, because this practice not only conforms to the interests of the majorities but also cultivate various talents for the successful development of our country.)论证:首先肯定教育的重要性(The importance of education to the development of a nation can never be exaggerated.)投资在教育(investing in education)以此来为国家培养人才,才是国家未来得以发展的保障。 ②  政府应该把钱投在经济上,因为经济的发展可以提高全民的生活水平,也可以提升国家的政治地位。(government should invest money in economic development, since the boom of economy will improve the living standard of the public as well as the raise the political status in the world.)论证:因为经济发展可以带来人们生活水平的提高(improve the living standard of the public),从而能让人们感到幸福,并且能够确保社会稳定(social stability),同时经济得以发展也能够提升国家在国际社会上的政治地位。 ③  让步段:不可否认,虽然投资发展太空旅游和太空探索有许多好处,诸如能够为我们需找新能源或是为人类找寻一个更适合居住的住所,但是相比于我们的观点,这些优势看似暗淡。(Admittedly, there are certain benefits of investing money in space exploration, such as developing new energy source and even finding an alternative home for human beings. However, compared with the reasons provided for our viewpoint, these advantages seem lackluster.) 30. In order to succeed,it is better to be like to others rather than different from everybody else. 解题思路:不认同 ①  在人群中变得不一样这是很重要的一件事,假如一个人他想要成功他就要变得和别人不一样,因为这样可以带来独立的思考以及创造性的想法。(It is more important to be unique and separate yourself from the crowd. If a person always tries to fit in then they will never truly find success, because success requires new and independent ideas and imitating others will impede creative ideas.)论证:如果比尔盖茨都和其他人一样,那就不会有他今天如此的成功了。 ②  当我们谈到工作的时候,为了有机会得到提升我们可能要有些不同于他人的想法以及克服不同于他人的压力。(When it comes to job, in order to achieve a promotion, we usually need to make a critical decision and overcome a big pressure which others may not be able to do.)论证:假如你有一些 different and strange ideas不同于其他人,你一定要克服压力勇敢的表达出和别人的不同,这样才能set you apart from your colleagues. ③  在追求更深的学业上,即使是和别人不同一个人也要坚持他的目标。(As for pursuing the further education development, it is crucial for a person to insist more on his or her goal, which differs from others a lot.) 论证:我的一个朋友want to get a PHD position abroad,但是他的英语不是很好,在和其他一些小伙伴一起学习的时候,别人慢慢的已经放弃了,但他并没有像其他人一样,他坚持下来了最终取得了成功。 最后祝小伙伴们都顺利通过托福考试呀。

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